linear logic
A logic invented by Girard in 1987 that can be used in proofs related to resource usage.
http://brics.dk/LS/96/6/BRICS-LS-96-6/BRICS-LS-96-6.html.
[Wadler, P., "Is there a use for linear logic", ACM/IFIP PEPM Conference, 1991].
[Summary?]